PENGARUH CEKAMAN AIR TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN KEDELAI (Glycine max L) PADA TANAH ULTISOL

Abstract

RINGKASAN Salah satu kendala yang dapat membatasi pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman pada lahan kering adalah ketersediaan air yang rendah,karena itu diperlukan varitas kedelai yang berpotensi produksi dan mempunyai kemampuan adaptasi yang tinggi terhadap cekaman air.Pengaruh cekaman air terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman tergantung pada tingkat cekaman yang dialami dan jenis kultivar yang ditanam. Tujuan Penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh cekaman air terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi dari beberapa varitas tanaman kacang kedelai.Penelitian dilakukan dikebun percobaan Fakultas Pertanian UISU, Kelurahan Gedung Johor, Kecamatan Medan Johor, Kota Madya Medan, Provinsi Sumatera Utara dengan ketinggian tempat +/- 25 m dpl dengan topografi datar. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret hingga Juli 2019.Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) Faktorial dengan dua faktor yang diteliti yaitu : 1. Faktor perlakuan pertama Taraf pemberian Air (A) terdiri dari 4 taraf perlakuan, yaitu : A0 = 1500 ml air/polybag ( Kontrol) , A1 = 1200 ml air/polybag ( 80 % ), A2 = 900 ml air/polybag ( 60 % ), A3 = 600 ml air/polybag ( 40 % ), A4 = 300 ml air/polybag ( 20 % ). 2. Faktor perlakuan kedua adalah Varitas kacang kedelai yang terdiri dari 3 jenis varitas, yaitu : V1 = Varitas Dega , V2 = Varitas Deja, V3 = Varitas Anjasmoro. Parameter yang diamati adalah tinggi tanaman (cm), jumlah cabang (cabang), jumlah polong (polong),bobot polong ( g) dan berat kering akar tanaman (g) Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa taraf pemberian air berpengaruh nyata terhadap produksi tanaman yaitu jumlah polong,tapi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman,jumlah cabang, bobot polong dan berat kering akar tanaman. Perlakuan yang terbaik dari taraf pemberian air adalah perlakuan A1 =80 % (1200 ml air/polybag ). Kemudian perlakuan tiga varitas berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman kacang kedelai yaitu tinggi tanaman,jumlah polong, bobot polong dan berat kering akar tanaman ,namun tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah cabang tanaman. Sedangkan kombinasi taraf pemberian air dari ketiga varitas kacang kedelai berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman .

Kata kunci : Varitas kedelai, cekaman air, tanah ultisol

SUMMARY

One obstacle that can limit the growth and production of plants on dry land is the low availability of water, because it requires soybean varieties that have the potential for production and have a high adaptability to water stress. The effect of water stress on plant growth and production depends on the level of stress experienced and types of cultivars planted. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of water stress on the growth and production of several varieties of soybean plants. The study was conducted in the experimental garden of the Faculty of Agriculture of UISU, Johor Building District, Medan Johor District, Medan City, North Sumatra Province with a height of +/- 25 m above sea level with flat topography. This research was conducted in March to July 2019. The study used a factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two factors examined, namely: 1. The first treatment factor Water level (A) consisted of 4 treatment levels, namely: A0 = 1500 ml of water / polybag (Control), A1 = 1200 ml water / poly bag (80%), A2 = 900 ml water / polybag (60%), A3 = 600 ml water / polybag (40%), A4 = 300 ml water / polybag ( 20%). 2. The second treatment factor is the variety of soybeans consisting of 3 types of varieties, namely: V1 = Dega variety, V2 = Deja variety, V3 = Anjasmoro variety. The parameters observed were plant height (cm), number of branches (branches), number of pods (pods), pod weight (g) and plant root dry weight (g). The results showed that the level of water supply significantly affected plant production, namely the number of pods, but did not significantly affect plant height, number of branches, pod weight and root dry weight of plants. The best treatment from water level is A1 = 80% (1200 ml water / poly bag). Then the treatment of three varieties significantly affected the growth and production of soybean plants, namely plant height, number of pods, pod weight and dry weight of plant roots, but did not significantly affect the number of plant branches. While the combination of the water level of the three varieties of soybeans has no significant effect on plant growth and production.

Keywords: soybean variability, water stress, ultisol soil