Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://repository.uisu.ac.id/handle/123456789/2556
Title: PENGARUH KOMBINASI PANJANG IRISAN SADAP DAN STIMULAN CAIR TERHADAP FISIOLOGI DAN PRODUKSI LATEKS KLON GT 1 DI KEBUN KARET RAKYAT
Authors: SUPRIANTO, JAKA
Keywords: Tanaman Karet, Lateks, Stimulan cair, Penyadapan, Gugur daun,Kering Alur Sadap (KAS)
Rubber plants, Latex, Liquid stimulant, Tapping, Leaf fall,, DryTapping Flow
Issue Date: 26-Oct-2023
Publisher: Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara
Series/Report no.: UISU230857;71180713022
Abstract: RINGKASAN Tanaman karet merupakan salah satu tanaman perkebunan yang banyak diusahakan di Indonesia, baik oleh perkebunan rakyat, maupun perkebunan besar Nasional dan Swasta. Namun, produksi karet di Indonesia masih di bawah produksi karet Thailand, padahal berdasarkan luas areal, perkebunan karet di Indonesia lebih luas dibandingakan dengan Negara Thailand. Hal ini disebabkan pengelolaan karet di Indonesia lebih banyak dikelola oleh rakyat dan belum memenuhi syarat pengelolaan budidaya yang baik dan benar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi panjang irisan sadap dan stimulan cair terhadap karakter fisiologi dan produksi lateks klon GT 1. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Perkebunan Karet Rakyat Desa Nogo Rejo Dusun 1, Kecamatan Galang, Kabupaten Deli Serdang dari Februari sampai Juli 2022. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap tiga ulangan dengan kombinasi panjang irisan sadap dan stimulan cair sebagai perlakuan, yaitu S1 (S/2 d6 ETC 2%), S2 (S/2 d6 ETC 4%), S3 (S/2 d6 ETC 6%), S4 (S/4 d6 ETC 2%), S5 (S/4 d6 ETC 4%) dan S6 (S/4 d6 ETC 6%). Bahan tanaman karet yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tanaman karet klon PB 260 berumur 15 tahun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakter fisiologi lateks sebelum perlakuan stimulan, yaitu kandungan sukrosa berkisar antara 3,91 – 3,98 mM, Pi berkisar antara 15,33 – 15,56 mM, dan Thiol berkisar antara 1,25 – 1,29. Setelah pemberian Stimulant, Perlakuan S5 (S/4 d6 ETC 4%) berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan S1 (S/2 d6 ETC 2%), S2 (S/2 d6 ETC 4%), S3 (S/2 d6 ETC 6%), S4 (S/4 d6 ETC 2%) dan S6 (S/4 d6 ETC 6%). Kandungan sukrosanya paling rendah yaitu 0,21 mM di bawah 3 mM (batas rendah nilai sukrosa), dengan kandungan Pi berada dalam kisaran optimal, yaitu 14,62 mM (optimal 10-20 mM), dan thiol tergolong tinggi, yaitu 0,95 mM (optimal 0,4-0,9 mM). Selanjutnya perlakuan S2 (S/2 d6 ETC 4%) menunjukkan kandungan sukrosa tertinggi, yaitu 20,13 mM dengan kandungan Pi rendah, yaitu 11,17 mM), dan kandungan thiol tinggi, yaitu 0,99 mM yang berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan S1 (S/2 d5 ETC 2%), S3 (S/2 d6 ETC 6%), S4 (S/4 d6 ETC 2%), S5 (S/4 d6 ETC 4%), dan S6 (S/4 d6 ETC 6%). Produksi lateks tertinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan S1 (S/2 d4 ETC 2%), baik pada bulan Februari maupun Maret, yaitu berturut-turut 79,67 g/p/s dan 93,33 g/p/s. Sedangkan produksi lateks terendah pada bulan Februari dan Maret diperoleh pada perlakuan S5 (S/4 d4 ETC 4%) yaitu berturutturut 34,00 g/p/s, dan 20,67 g/p/s yang berbeda nyata di bulan Februari dengan perlakuan S1 (S/2 d6 ETC 2%), S2 (S/2 d6 ETC 4%), S3 (S/2 d6 ETC 6%), S4 (S/4 d6 ETC 2%) dan S6 (S/4 d6 ETC 6%), sedangkan di bulan Maret berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan S1 (S/2 d6 ETC 2%), dan S2 (S/2 d6 ETC 4%). Setelah perlakuan stimulan terlihat pula pada bulan Mei-Juli, kombinasi panjang irisan sadap dan stimulan berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap produksi lateks. Hal ini disebabkan tidak hanya oleh perbedaan perlakuan kombinasi panjang irisan sadap dan stimulan tetapi juga dipengaruhi oleh kondisi tanaman sampel yang heterogeny, yaitu kondisi tajuk yang heterogen pula, tanaman sehat terserang oleh penyakit daun (Pestalotiopsis sp), dan KAS, serta bidang sadap dengan dua irisan sadap. Hal ini diperjelas pula dari hasil penelitian karakter fisiologis lateks, di mana sebelum pemberian stimulan terlihat bahwa kandungan sukrosa rendah dengan kandungan Pi pada batas kisaran optimal dan thiol sangat tinggi melewatiii batas optimum. Oleh karena itu sukrosa yang dibentuk digunakan tidak hanya untuk pembentukan lateks, tetapi juga digunakan untuk perbaikan tanaman seperti perbaikan kulit sadap akibat KAS dan pembentukan daun baru akibat penyakit gugur daun, sehingga setelah pemberian stimulan kandungan sukrosa rendahtinggi. Kata Kunci: Tanaman Karet, Lateks, Stimulan cair, Penyadapan, Gugur daun,Kering Alur Sadap (KAS) SUMMARY Rubber plant is one of the plantation crops that are widely cultivated in Indonesia, both by smallholder plantations, as well as large national and private plantations. However, rubber production in Indonesia is still below Thailand's rubber production, even though based on the area, rubber plantations in Indonesia are wider than Thailand. This is because rubber management in Indonesia is mostly managed by the people and has not met the requirements for good and correct cultivation management. This study aims to determine the effect of the combination of tapping slice length and liquid stimulant on the physiological character and latex production of the GT 1 clone. The study was conducted at the Rubber Plantation of the Nogo Rejo Village, Dusun 1, Galang District, Deli Serdang Regency from February to July 2022. The research method used was a complete randomized block design with three replications with a combination of long tapping slices and liquid stimulants as treatments, namely S1 (S/2 d6 ETC 2%), S2 (S/2 d6 ETC 4%), S3 (S/2 d6 ETC 6%), S4 (S/4 d6 ETC 2%), S5 (S/4 d6 ETC 4%) and S6 (S/4 d6 ETC 6%). The rubber plant material used in this study was a 15-year-old PB 260 clone. The results showed that the physiological characteristics of latex before stimulant treatment, namely sucrose content ranged from 3.91 – 3.98 mM, Pi ranged from 15.33 – 15.56 mM, and Thiol ranged from 1.25 – 1.29. After administration of stimulants, treatment S5 (S/4 d6 ETC 4%) was significantly different from treatment S1 (S/2 d6 ETC 2%), S2 (S/2 d6 ETC 4%), S3 (S/2 d6 ETC 6% ), S4 (S/4 d6 ETC 2%) and S6 (S/4 d6 ETC 6%). It has the lowest sucrose content of 0.21 mM below 3 mM (low limit of sucrose value), with Pi content in the optimal range, namely 14.62 mM (10-20 mM optimal), and high thiol, namely 0.95 mM (optimally 0.4-0.9 mM). Furthermore, treatment S2 (S/2 d6 ETC 4%) showed the highest sucrose content, namely 20.13 mM with a low Pi content, namely 11.17 mM), and high thiol content, namely 0.99 mM which was significantly different from treatment S1 (S/2 d5 2% ETC), S3 (S/2 d6 6% ETC), S4 (S/4 d6 2% ETC), S5 (S/4 d6 4% ETC), and S6 (S/4 d6 ETC 6%). The highest latex production was obtained in treatment S1 (S/2 d4 ETC 2%), both in February and March, namely 79.67 g/p/s and 93.33 g/p/s respectively. While the lowest latex production in February and March was obtained in treatment S5 (S/4 d4 ETC 4%) namely 34.00 g/p/s and 20.67 g/p/s respectively which were significantly different in February with treatment S1 (S/2 d6 ETC 2%), S2 (S/2 d6 ETC 4%), S3 (S/2 d6 ETC 6%), S4 (S/4 d6 ETC 2%) and S6 (S/ 4 d6 ETC 6%), whereas in March it was significantly different from treatment S1 (S/2 d6 ETC 2%), and S2 (S/2 d6 ETC 4%). After the stimulant treatment it was also seen in May-July, the combination of tapping slice length and stimulant had no significant effect on latex production. This was caused not only by differences in the combination treatment of tapping slice length and stimulants but also by heterogeneous sample plant conditions, namely heterogeneous crown conditions, healthy plants attacked by leaf disease (Pestalotiopsis sp), and KAS, as well as tapping areas with two tapping slice. This was also clarified from the results of research on the physiological characteristics of latex, where prior to administration of stimulants it was seen that the sucrose content was low with Pi content at the optimal range and very high thiol, exceeding the optimum limit. Therefore the sucrose formed is used not only for the formation of latex, but also for plant improvement such as repair of tapping skin due to KAS and formation ofiv new leaves due to leaf fall disease, so that after administration of stimulants the sucrose content is low-high. Keywords: Rubber plants, Latex, Liquid stimulant, Tapping, Leaf fall,, DryTapping Flow.
URI: http://repository.uisu.ac.id/handle/123456789/2556
Appears in Collections:Agroteknologi

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