PENGARUH WAKTU APLIKASI PESTISIDA BOTANI BIJI SIRSAK ( Annona muricata) TERHADAP HAMA PERUSAK DAUN DAN POLONG SERTA PENYAKIT KARATPADA TANAMAN KEDELAI (Glycine max)

Abstract

RINGKASAN Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan di lahan percobahan UPT. Benih Induk Palawija Tanjung Selamat, Kecamatan Sunggal, Kabupaten Deli Serdang, Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Lokasi ini berada pada ketinggian 50 mdpl. Penelitihan ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2021 s/d Maret 2022. Penelitihan ini dibimbing oleh ibu Dr. Syamsafitri, SP, MP sebagai ketua pembimbing dan ibu Dr. Ir. Asmanizar, MP sebagai anggota pembimbing. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh waktu aplikasi pestisida botani terhadap hama perusak daun dan polong kedelai serta penyakit karat daun pada tanaman kedelai. Penelitihan ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) Non Faktorial dengan perlakuan pemberian pestisida ekstrak biji sirsak dan pestisida sintetik sebagai pembanding dengan 5 taraf perlakuan yaitu, W0 ( Kontrol/ Tanpa Perlakuan), W1 (Ekstrak Biji Sirsak Kosentrasi 0,5% Interval Aplikasi 1Minggu), W2 (Ekstrak Biji Sirsak Kosentrasi 0,5% Interval Aplikasi 2 Minggu), W3 (Insektisida Sintetik Prevathon Kosentrasi 0,2 ml/l) dan W4 (Fungisida Sintetik Antracol Kosentrasi 0,2 ml/l). Parameter yang diamatiadalahintensitaskerusakandaun, Intesitas serangan penyakit karat daun,persentasekerusakanpolong,persentasekerusakanbiji, Berat bobot biji kering per (g) daninventarisasihama. Hasilanalisisstatistikmenunjukkan waktu pemberianekstrakbijisirsakberpengaruhnyataterhadapintensitaskerusakandaun, serangan penyakit karat daunpadaumur14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56dan63 HST danberpengaruhtidaknyataterhadap penyakit karat daun pada umur 14 HST, akan tetapipersentasekerusakanpolongdanbiji,produksi berat bobot biji kering (g) berpengaruh nyata, diketaui pada interval aplikasi pestisida botani biji sirsak 1 minggu lebih efektif dari pada interval aplikasi 2 minggu dan aplikasipestisidabotanisangatdipengaruhiolehfaktorcuacadanlingkungan. Kata Kunci : Tanaman Kedelai, Pestisida Botani, Ekstrak Biji Sirsak SUMMARY This research has been carried out in the experimental area of UPT. TanjungSelamatPalawija Parent Seed, Sunggal District, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra Province. This location is at an altitude of 50 meters above sea level. This research was carried out in December 2021 to March 2022. This research was supervised by Dr. Mrs. Syamsafitri, SP, MP as the head of the supervisor and Mrs. Dr. Ir. Asmanizar, MP as a supervising member. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of time of application of botanical pesticides on soybean leaf and pod destroying pests and leaf rust disease on soybean plants. This study used a non-factorial randomized block design (RBD) with the treatment of soursop seed extract and synthetic pesticides as a comparison with 5 levels of treatment, namely, W0 (Control / lWithout Treatment), W1 (Soursop Seed Extract Concentration 0.5% Application Interval 1 week ), W2 (Soursop Seed Extract Concentration 0.5% Application Interval 2 Weeks), W3 (Synthetic Insecticide Prevathon Concentration 0.2 ml/l) and W4 (Synthetic Fungicide Antracol Concentration 0.2 ml/l). Parameters observed were intensity of leaf damage, intensity of leaf rust disease, percentage of pod damage, percentage of seed damage, dry seed weight per (g) and pest inventory. The results of statistical analysis showed that the time of administration of soursop seed lextract had a significant effect on the intensity of leaf damage, leaf rust disease at the age of 35 DAP, but had no significant effect on the age of 14, 21, 28, 42, 49, 56 and 63 DAP and had no significant effect on The percentage of damage to pods and seeds, but had a significant effect on the production of dry seed weight (g), it was known that the 1 week interval of application of botanical pesticides on soursop seeds was more effective than the application interval of 2 weeks and the application of botanical pesticides was strongly influenced by weather and environmental factors. Keywords :Soybean Plants, Botanical Pesticides, Soursop Seed Extract